Change Of Perspective On Single Parent Mother - 989 Words

Change of Perspective on Single-parent Mother Society has a different perspective over various aspects that determine society and to change that perspective means to provide something new and beneficial towards it. Socialization and equality has changed the perspective of single-parent mother from what it was within couple of years back from now. Single-mother used to be viewed from different perspectives, and were thought to be the burden for the whole society, whereas now, single-mother is known as independent and a capable citizen of a society. Not only equality but the strong persistence and commitment of the mother, to raise her child against the will of the society, has been the huge boost for this change. Socialization and increase in population of single-mother parent has positively changed the thinking of society where, once suppressed and portrayed as dependent on men, are now an independent individual giving hope to their society. Reviewing throughout the history of our society it would not be harsh to say that single-parent mother were considered to be a weak and dependent part of the society. Along time, situations have been changed but the time where the society was male-dominated was not that far. No matter what, women were suppressed under men under different circumstances. Men were viewed to be the soul of the family, providing necessary things as well as protecting them. There was a certain belief among people that for a family to run effectively, thereShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Akeelah And The Bee1018 Words   |  5 Pagessiblings and mother, Ms. Anderson. The film emphasizes on her goal of winning the national Scripps spelling bee as well as the parental development of her mother. Guiding Akeelah along this whirlwind journey is the principal Dr. Welch of her school as well as a previous winner of the spelling bee Dr.Larabe and eventually her whole town rallies behind her, even her mom (Atchison, Pal mer, Fishburne, Bassett, Armstrong, Mullen Zigman, 2006). Parenting Style The character Tanya Anderson, the mother of AkeelahRead MoreSingle Parenting And The Destruction Of Divorce1065 Words   |  5 Pagespartner until death when they say the words â€Å"I do†, many marriages will end with divorce instead of death. This paper is devoted to the issue of single parenting and the destruction of divorce. It is a study conducted in a different perspective where we see the cognitive and emotional damage it can do to a child and a single parent. The definition of a single parent is one individual with custody over a child and he or she is responsible for all financial, material and emotional needs. The portrait ofRead MoreMarriages, Families and Relatiohsips821 Words   |  4 PagesPage 24 Chapter 1 3. What important changes in family patterns do you see today? Today I see family patterns change in many perspectives ways. Families are more independent. They form their own opinions in their decision making. Do you see positive changes, negative changes, or both? I would have to say that I see both positive and negative changes in families. The positive that I see is that many husbands are more involved with their children and even some are now stay home dads takingRead More`` How And Deal With Moral Tales : Constructions And Strategies Of Single- Parents Families884 Words   |  4 PagesDeal with Moral Tales: Constructions and Strategies of Single- Parents Families† published in the June 2014 edition of Journal of Marriage and Family†. It explored social structure and attitude toward single-parent families and how these families adapt to such beliefs. Within this study they explored the concepts of social structure, and the breaking of social norms within an id eal family. Also, this study could be hinder with the perspective of the research participates being families with ten yearRead MorePublic And Private Families By Andrew J Cherlin1309 Words   |  6 Pageswith my epileptic mother and her cohabitating boyfriend, who is the father of my youngest brother. He goes on to define the private family as two or more individuals in an intimate relationship who normally live in the same household, pool their income, and household labor with dependents. The chapter then touches on the four perspectives used by sociologists for research regarding families. These topics include: the exchange, symbolic, feminist, and the postmodern perspective. These theoreticalRead MoreThe Case Of Nancy Troy And Her Family1683 Words   |  7 Pagesfamily structure was disrupted by the unexpected death of her mother and then again when she went to live with grandmother. She never had stable, long-term authority figure growing up. Today, Nancy is a single paren t with 5 children. Nancy s oldest child is away oversees, however her next two oldest children live with their great grandmother while her two youngest live with her. There seems to be a similar or repetitious pattern of parents passing their children off to older generations because theyRead MoreEssay about The Status of Single Mothers1651 Words   |  7 Pagesby government aid, especially single mothers. The women on welfare are often treated poorly because people think they are ‘working the system’. Tax payers feel as if the single mothers on welfare perpetuated their own poverty by having children that they cannot support, just for a bigger welfare check. They often assume that these women do not work and just live off government handouts. I know of mothers that fit this stereotype; adults still living in their parents houses, rent free, with severalRead MoreEssay on Themes Illustrated in Tillie Olsens I Stand Here Ironing732 Words   |  3 PagesThe story begin s with a sentence â€Å"I stand here ironing, and what you asked me moves tormented back and forth with the iron† (Olsen 73). It is unusual that the story starts with a description of the mother ironing. This strategy easily draws readers’ attention and introduces the narrator character to the readers. â€Å"I stand here ironing† is a very straightforward and simple description, but yet it conveys a deeper meaning and draws the readers into the narrative. The mother’s ironing provides the metaphorRead MoreAt The Mezzo Level, Social Workers Interact With Clients1423 Words   |  6 Pagesstakeholders. This paper will discuss single mothers in poverty at a mezzo level, which will include theory, intervention, change in the system, research and theory, as well as social work skills and values that impact work. Problem Identification and Theories Problem from Mezzo-Level Perspective Being a single mother in poverty does not just involve individual struggles. Single mothers in poverty have struggles that exist amongst the demographic at large. Single mothers often struggle with the challengesRead MoreThe Motherhood Penalty : A Review Of Literature1406 Words   |  6 Pageswoman chooses to pursue her career, she risks being labeled as frigid and selfish. If a woman becomes a mother, she must devote her entire existence to raising her children, which existing literature refers to as ‘mothering,’ a verb, something that is done. Women in politics frequently experience this phenomenon commonly known as the motherhood trap, which can affect many different perspectives and identities. The motherhood trap will be explored in depth in the following review of literature.

Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research - 1901 Words

Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research Stem cells are cells that have not yet differentiated, or will divide into other cells that will then differentiate. These cells have the ability to develop into any type of cell that the body requires during development and growth. The value of stem cells for research comes from the ability to develop into specialized cells, a process known as differentiation, under experimental conditions. Naturally, stem cells regularly repair or replace damaged tissues. Scientifically, stem cells have been used in a variety of ways: to create Dolly the artificial animal clone, to therapeutic cloning and regenerative medicine, to drug discovery and transplantation medicine. A development of the use of human†¦show more content†¦Since this ruling, stem cell research has started to gain popularity in the research arena. The first research that required an egg was somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) May 15th, 2013. This proceeded when â€Å"an enucleated egg is fused with an adult somatic cell in the hope of producing a stem cell line that is tissue-matched to the donor of the somatic cell† (Dickenson, 2009). The technique was designed for the purpose of growing patient specific stem cells that could be used to treat conditions in which new cells would be potentially beneficial. Such conditions could be diabetes, heart disease, or Parkinson s Disease (Mayor, 2007, pg 581). The resulting stem cells are a genetic match to the cell donor, making SCNT a viable prospect for regenerative medicine. As these diseases are prevalent in current society, it is of little question why one could find this research of great benefit to a large community of patients. Though the egg stem cell research may appear strictly advantageous, it is not without drawback. To research on egg stem cells, the cells must fir st be harvested and prepared. The procedure for harvesting egg cells has been described as painful (Hyun, 2006, pg 629). A woman must receive daily hormone injections that cause the temporary shutdown of the primary reproductive organ and then rapid ovarian hyper stimulation for up to three weeks. This yields the unnaturally largeShow MoreRelatedHuman Embryonic Stem Cell Research1625 Words   |  7 PagesProduction and the Scientific and Therapeutic Use of Human Embryonic Stem Cells, the Pontifical Academy for Life presents the field of stem cell research with a statement regarding the official Roman Catholic position on the moral aspects of acquiring and using human embryonic stem cells.  They have declared that it is not morally legitimate to produce or use human embryos as a source of stem cells, nor is it acceptable to use stem cells from cell lines already established. Thus, bringing up the conflictingRead MoreHuman Embryonic Stem Cell Research2490 Words   |  10 PagesFed eral Government to fund stem cell research through the National Institute of Health. There are various types of stem cells, but the policy issue mainly covers human embryonic stem cells. This policy revokes President George W. Bush s executive order 13435 which put heavy limitations on federal funding for stem cell research. Although this policy has already taken effect, there are still bans and immense regulation on particular methods of human embryonic stem cell extraction that involve theRead MoreHuman Embryonic Stem Cell Research992 Words   |  4 PagesThe liver is known in the medical community as a miracle organ because is it the only known organ in the human body that can regenerate itself if half of it is cut out. Tissue regeneration has always been a desirable fantasy, but now it is almost a possibility. Human embryonic stem cells are pluripotent cells that, although unspecialized, can differentiate into various specialized cells, such as nerves, muscle, skin, or even blo od. Sadly, controversy surrounds this relatively new scientific conceptRead MoreHuman Embryonic Stem Cell Research1313 Words   |  6 PagesJessica Rogers Kendra Gallos English III Honors 18 April 2016 Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research, or HES cell research, is a very controversial ethical debate. This issues is a dilemma for scientist, religious activist, and many more. HES cell research is being disputed because the practice is morally wrong. The other side of the issue stands with many scientist, being that they see the potential lives it could save in the long run. Religious activist, andRead More Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research Essay4185 Words   |  17 PagesHuman Embryonic Stem Cell Research Many scientists believe that research on human embryonic stem cells, components of human embryos created in laboratories, will eventually yield cures to a number of devastating human conditions including juvenile diabetes, Parkinson’s disease and spinal cord injuries. On August 9, 2001, President George W. Bush announced he would permit federally funded research on existing stem cells lines derived from human embryos. He prohibited the federal funding of researchRead MoreHuman Embryonic Stem Cell Research Essay1276 Words   |  6 PagesStem Cells are the centre point for all growth and development. The centre point of life. Without them, there would not be humans, animals or even germs. Thanks to them, we can modify and enhance the human body when in its foetal form. The fear that a child will be born with hereditary disease, mutations and disabilities haunts the dreams of people today more than ever. But what if we could guarantee our children could be born disease free an d disability free? What if we could remove the gene thatRead MoreHuman Stem Cell Research : Ethical Dilemmas With The Utility Of Embryonic Stem Cells1879 Words   |  8 PagesTrevor McCarthy Human Embryonic Stem Cell (hESC) research possesses ethical dilemmas with the utility of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) derived from human blastocyst, one of the earliest stages of embryonic development. Embryonic stem cell derivation is controversial because there are different opinions and beliefs on when an embryo is deserving of full moral status, equal to the moral respect, rights and treatment to that of a human being. ESCs extracted from a blastocyst will undergo experimentationRead MoreBiomedical Engineering: Stem Cells Essay1584 Words   |  7 Pagesadvances and research that stem from biomedical engineers can solve problems that would have never have been able to be solved before. Engineers have been working on new technology that will utilize stem cells in order to save lives and treat diseases. The stem cells that are used for treatment are called embryonic stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are formed from five-day old human embryos that the embryos are essentially human b eings (In Stem-cell Research† Para. 3). The usage of such stem cells has causedRead MoreEssay on Stem Cells: The Cure for Uncontrollable Diseases of the Past1246 Words   |  5 PagesGehrig’s disease, Sickle Cell Anemia, Alzheimer’s. This world is plague by countless diseases and there existed a time where, after many failed research attempts, scientists began to believe that people would always suffer from these diseases. However, with the introduction of stem cell research those past notions were dismissed. Upon their introduction, stem cell’s provided a new hope to the world and it proved itself to be an invaluable asset. Through stem cell research, a multitude of cures haveRead MoreThe Use Of Embryonic Stem Cells In Medicine1472 Words   |  6 Pagescure a disease? Embryonic Stem Cells can be used to treat many different diseases, but some people have their opinion that using these stem cells in medicine is unethical because they are coming from a human embryo. There are countries that have banned the use of embryonic stem cells in medicine, and in America there are people arguing that it should be banned here. But what about all of the lives that these stem cells are saving, what if research continues and these embryonic stem cells end up being

Indigenous Studies

Question: Discuss about theIndigenous Studies. Answer: Introduction: Nowadays the indigenous people as a worthy of their Indigenous Ecological Knowledge (IEK), recognition of rights and interest are engaged in environmental management. The development of environmental management, which is a feature of system dynamics of complex social-ecological and IEKs integration is identified by it to be accompanied by western science to make an increment in the attributes of the systemwhich is associated with sustainability. Indigenous people of Australia are engaged in environmental management in association with multiple stakeholders like Scientist, governments, producer groups and others. The range of mechanism they use for environmental management are indigenous and co-managed protected areas, natural resource management, native title agreements, water planning processes, endangered species initiatives, etc. Approaches are made to build a global understanding of the processes of western science integration and IEK to manage the sustainability of the environme nt. But the integration is also affected by a variety of factors including adaptive co-management context, approaches to inquiry into IEK, etc. Though there is a tremendous impact of colonial processes of territorial acquisition and state formation still the indigenous people of Australia claim their sovereign rights and interests to collective self-determination and control over their customary estates. The primary goal of this assignment is to develop an assessment that will be useful in analyzing the approaches to integration of IEK and western science, interrogating the characteristic of indigenous engagement in Australian environmental management and consider implications for management of sustainability insocial-ecological systems (SES) (Bohensky et al. 2013 p.20). Indigenous land and sea management also meanto take care of the country, which includes different individual, groups, and organizations across Australia to undertake a broad variety of natural resource, environmenta l, and activities related to management of cultural heritage. An economy based on conservation which is associated withcultural, health, and social benefits, mainly in the areas of remote regions have been made due to the initiative taken by the government in development of Indigenous land and sea management. To make these opportunities reach their maximum potential some institutional reforms, better recognition of Indigenous management of sea country and a little bit of financial support will be required. The indigenous organization and group assert their cultural obligation to take care of their traditional estates. They also have established their own ranger groups so that they can manage their asserted land successfully by perusing involvement in the national parks management. A new direction have been shown to the present-time Indigenous land management agencies by making government independent establishment of theNatural Resource Management Office in 1990 andAboriginal Ranger service in 1983 on Kowanyama Land and Palm Island (Whitehead 2012). Previously, government agencies used to follow a monopoly while managing the national park and employing rangers. In the early days, the Indigenous ranger group has to rely on Community Employment Department Program (CEDP). The income of some of this groups are supplemented through the funding from the non-government sources and fee for the service contract. Commonwealth Employment Program in Natural and Cultural Resource Management (CEPANCRM) is an organization of Australia which provides contract employment opportunities for the aboriginal people of Australia (Hill et al. 2013). CEPANCRM made an evaluation which shows that indigenous people of around 8,490 got employment on contract basis atMarine Park,(Mackieand Meacheam 2016. pp.1-18.) national park, crown land and about one third among these projectshave resulted in starting off own land management, heritage consultancies,contracting tourism and teams enterprises by the indigenous community organization,. Joint management used in parks like the national parks,the interference of royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody, (Anthony 2016 p.11) and Indigenous ownership and the Coastal Zone Inquiry are some of the other significant common wealth initiatives that paved the way of the foundation for the policy and funding support and further legal recognition of engagement of indigenous people in land and sea management (Foucault 2013). The managing, monitoring and patrolling Aboriginal land areas that is given back to Aboriginal people due to theland assortments or the recognition of native title continuation under Native Title Act 1993 (Australian Law Reform Commission, 2015). The ranger groups of indigenous origin are increased in number. As a result, they got their engagement in sea and land management activities in areas which were not conventionally under the ownership of indigenous people, but it lies in the traditional and sea estate of the group involved. Appreciation can b e given to agencies of government and the broader community for they have to change the trend of indigenous employment in land and sea management from tenure based to country based. The responsibilities and rights of caring of the country mainly sea and land estates, under the supervision of other knowledge holder and initiated elders, was undertaken by the clan group and individuals which are to be inherited to their future generation in pre-colonial times. Though these cultural practices and rights are nevertheless underpin present time activities land and sea management. But it has been evolved and adapted with time and is produced by a variety of territory, regional, local, national and state arrangements made by institute. The number of Indigenous sea and land management groups which are community-managed or organization are several hundred around Australia. Most of them are totallyflourished Indigenous land and sea management agencies are employing specialist research andplanning staffs as well as the operational ranger, mostly with Traditional Owner governance arrangements complementary to local community councils or separate. However, some are there which compromise ranger groups employed by local community councils only. Majorities of these organization and groups are located in remote communities in central and northern Australia still indigenous ranger groups and other caring for the country initiatives occurs throughout Australia. Indigenous organizations that supportor coordinate locally present groups of ranger and other sea and land management initiatives, and also regional organizations working in the mainstream, such management bodies of natural resource that have direct programs and policies to provide support to natural resource management, Indigenous employment in environmental or cultural heritage management is referred to as the regional level of arrangement.The council of Aboriginal land and sea and Native Title Representative Bodies are the regional indigenous organization; they systemize a research planning of broad range of, policies, and activities of on- ground, incorporating the employment and training of the rangers. The names of some of the regional organization are Murray Lower Darling Rivers Indigenous Nations (MLDRIN), North Australian Land and Sea Management Alliance (NAILSMA), Torres Strait Regional Authority, Girringun Aboriginal Corporation, etc. MLDRIN comprises of ten owner groups which are traditionally present along the river Muray and its tributaries (Smyth and Jaireth 2012); NAILSMA is an alliance of Carpentaria Land Council, Northern Land Council, and Balkanu Cape York Development Corporation (Fitzsimons et al. 2012 pp.51-57). It coordinates sea and land management activities across the northern Australia, a statutory body established by Commonwealth legislation is Torres Strait Regional Authority and the main work of it is to provide support for island based ranger group, and plays an outstanding role in coastal and marine management and research, fisheries, including continuous harvest of marine turtles and dugong and also takes of combat coastal erosions which occurs due to sea level rise and climate change, (Smyth and Isherwood 2016p.307) and Girringun Aboriginal Corporation which deals with the sea and land management activities on favor of nine tribal groupsin North Queensland between Innisfail and Ingham (Taylor 2014). A varying level of legislative programs and policies are there to support the indigenous employment in land and sea management are provided by state and territory governments. These policies are Strategies undertaken to provide employment of indigenous people in government agencies, provide assistance for the management of the indigenous protected areas, give recognition of aboriginal rights to use and access the traditional, protection and registration on indigenous heritage sites, etc. However, recently there are much betterment is made for the recognitionof Indigenous involvement in land and sea management in State and Territory legislative and policy recognition have been done still discrimination remains between jurisdictions. Funding for Indigenous land and sea management I approved on a long-term basis by Northern Territory Government. Figure: Map of Australia Showing location of Indigenous Protected Area Project (Source: Australia State of Environment) Many Indigenous land and sea management organization are extensively relying on funding provided by government programs though they are independent of the direct control of the government. But some group which has longer establishment have made diversified sources of funding by making a partnership with research institutions, non-government conservation groups, and private sectors. Besides funding, there are also several noteworthy challenges present in the establishment, maintenance, and development of community-based environmental management organization in remote areas. By withstanding all these difficulties, the Indigenous land and sea management organizations are increasing in number. They are also successful in demonstrating the effectiveness of these organizations. The indigenous people of Australia are modifies according to the foremost environmental, climatic and sea level changes for about five decades, and it is not a matter to surprise that the reaction of these people in respect to certain environmental changes will be different than the response of the people who have recently arrived here. Though it is true that more than for 30 years the government mainly Commonwealth Government is providing fund to the Indigenous land and sea management but development in the other support and increment in funding is achieved in recent years (Zurba et al. 2012 pp.1130-1142). Reference: Anthony, T., 2016. Deaths in custody: 25 years after the royal commission, we've gone backwards.Green Left Weekly, (1092), p.11. Australian Law Reform Commission, 2015. Connection to country: review of the Native Title Act 1993: final report. Bohensky, E.L., Butler, J.R. and Davies, J., 2013. Integrating indigenous ecological knowledge and science in natural resource management: perspectives from Australia.Ecology and Society,18(3), p.20. Fitzsimons, J., Russellà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Smith, J., James, G., Vigilante, T., Lipsettà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Moore, G., Morrison, J. and Looker, M., 2012.Insights into the biodiversity and social benchmarking components of the Northern Australian fire management and carbon abatement programmes.Ecological Management Restoration,13(1), pp.51-57. Foucault, M., 2013.Politics, philosophy, culture: Interviews and other writings, 1977-1984. Routledge. Hill, R., Pert, P.L., Davies, J., Robinson, C.J., Walsh, F. and Falco-Mammone, F., 2013.Indigenous land management in Australia: extent, scope, diversity, barriers and success factors. Mackie, K. and Meacheam, D., 2016. Working on country: a case study of unusual environmental program success.Australasian Journal of Environmental Management, pp.1-18 Smyth, D. and Isherwood, M., 2016. Protecting sea country: Indigenous peoples and marine protected areas in Australia.Big, Bold and Blue: Lessons from Australia's Marine Protected Areas, p.307. Smyth, D. and Jaireth, H., 2012. Shared governance of protected areas: Recent developments.National Environmental Law Review, (2), p.55. Taylor, E., 2014. Collaboration on Country: Participatory Evaluation of the Girringun Indigenous Protected Areas. Whitehead, P., 2012.Indigenous Livelihoods-Background Paper.North Australian Indigenous Land Sea Management Alliance (NAILSMA). Zurba, M., Ross, H., Izurieta, A., Rist, P., Bock, E. and Berkes, F., 2012.Building co-management as a process: problem solving through partnerships in Aboriginal country, Australia.Environmental management,49(6), pp.1130-1142.

Obesity Problem and Solutions free essay sample

Obesity is a disease that affects over one-third of the adult American population, approximately 72 million Americans (Hyattsville 2007: National Center for Health Statistics). Moreover, obesity in adulthood increases the hazard of diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, arthritis and a general poor health condition (Overweight and Obesity Health Consequences, cited in www. cdc. gov) so it is the time for human being to take actions to limit this issue. With the purpose of helping people understand about obesity problem and find the ways to limit it, this paper discusses where this issue results from, what it results in and how to solute it. 2. Discussion of findings 2. 1. Some causes of obesity â€Å"Obesity is a manufactorial disease† said George A. Bray, MD (1998, p. 35). The type of food eaten may also play an important role in the rise of obesity. According to the Causes of Obesity (Anne Collin 2007), more metabolic and digestive disorders resulting from overconsumption of trans-fat and refined sugary foods such as ready-to-eat, low cost, quick meals, combined with low fiber intake. We will write a custom essay sample on Obesity Problem and Solutions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These eating habits are known to cause excessive fat storage. Taking in too many calories for our energy needs must be a major cause of the modern obesity epidemic. Dr. Marion Nestle, Professor and Chair of the Department of Nutrition and Food Studies at New York University provides that US agribusiness now produces 3,800 calories of food a day for every consumption of calories more than 30 years ago-but at much lower per-calorie costs (cited in annecollins. com). Evidently, the growth of fast-food chains and higher soft drink consumption lead to the increases in absorption of calorie-dense foods and a higher energy-intake. Besides bad-eating habits, reducing energy expenditure is also one of the root causes of obesity in modern life. People now do less exercise than before. The data from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on the website apps. nccd. cdc. gov shows that the number of people who have No Leisure-Time Physical Activity increases gradually in the first decade of 21st century. In fact, a lack of energy balance most often causes overweight and obesity because of taking in more calories than using. People are becoming more inactive and lazier. As noted in What Causes Overweight and Obesity? (2010) on the website nhlbi. ih. gov, many Americans are not very physically active. One reason for this is that they spend hours in front of TVs and computers doing work and relaxing. Other reasons for being passive include: using cars instead of walking, fewer physical requirements at work or at home and lack of physical exercise classes in school for children. People who are passive are more likel y to gain weight so an inactive lifestyle also raises your risk of obesity and other health problem. Gene is also shown as a factor resulting in obesity. Regardless of the environment, some people stay thin and some still become obese. The Causes of Obesity on the website annecollins. com shows that genes affect a number of weight-related processes in the body, such as metabolic rate, blood glucose metabolism, fat-storage, hormones. It also gives the evidence that adopted children tend to develop weight problems similar to their biological, rather than adoptive, parents. In addition, infants born to overweight mothers have been found to less active and to gain more weight by the age of three months when compared with infants of normal weight mothers. According to The causes of obesity-genes, behaviour and environment (2009) on the website infor. ancerresearchuk. org, obesity-related genes could affect how people metabolise food or store fat. They could also affect the behaviour, make people disposed badly towards lifestyle choices that increase our risk of being obese. People having obesity-related genes are not assigned to be obese but they will have a higher risk of obesity. Therefore, genes play a key role in ob esity’s ability. 2. 2 Some effects of obesity Obesity has a far-ranging negative effect on health. Based on the data from Health Effects of Obesity (2012) on the website stanfordhospital. rg, each year obesity-related conditions cover 150 billion dollars and cause an estimated 300,00 premature deaths in the US. This website gives the number of health effects associated with obesity including high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, joint problems, sleep apnea and respiratory problems, cancer, metabolic syndrome. Extra weight can raise the heart rate and reduce the body’s ability to transport blood through the vessels. This causes higher pressure on the artery walls and the increasing in blood pressure. Besides, obesity is the major causes of type 2 diabetes. Obesity can cause opposition to insulin, causing the blood sugar becomes boosted. The website also assures that atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) is present 10 times more often in obese people compared to those who are not obese. Obesity has not only physical effects but also mental effects. As stated in House of Commons Committee 2004 (2008), very overweight and obese people have reduced psychological health so their self-esteem and social intercommunication may be deteriorated. Obese people have to suffer from preconception and discrimination in many situations such as the fields of employment travel, schooling, healthcare. Society may have a negative opinion of overweight and obese people. Therefore, they can be apprehended in a negative way that makes them be anxious and depressed. As well as prejudicial effect on the individual, obesity contributes a financial burden on society as a whole. The House of Commons Committee 2004 (2008) on the website dwp. gov. uk also indicates that there is a huge cost to the economy from obesity-related ill-health, premature retirement, unemployment, premature death, benefit payments. The direct and indirect costs of obesity in England (2002) have been conservatively estimated at ? 3. 3 to ? 3. 7 billion. . 3. Solutions for obesity problem There are few solutions to obesity available but the more effective treatment is to eat a healthy and well-balanced diet. Like mentioned before, obesity is not a stand-alone problem. It is coupled with few of most severe diseases such as diabetes and cancer. The Obesity Solution (2009) on the website fastandquickweightloss. com state s that people should not follow and fad diets which deprive the body of some essential nutrients. By following such diets people can lose weight, but they cannot maintain it. Therefore, the most important aspect is to eat a healthy and balanced diet. Low calorie diets (LCD) to help create a deficit of 500 to 1,000 kcal/day should be an integral part of any program aimed at achieving a weight loss of 1 to 2 pounds per week but reducing dietary fat alone without reducing calories is not sufficient for weight loss ( Anne Collin 2007 ). Obesity Solution on the website weightlosswand. com suggests that obesity solutions do not come in the form of quick weight loss diets and these diet types should be avoided. Quick fix diets such as the Atkins diet which consists of no carbohydrates and high protein foods is extremely dangerous. Coupling a healthy diet with regular exercise is the best thing obese people can do for themselves. Regular workout is as important as good eating habits because exercise and physical activity have several benefits for overweight individuals (Marcel Dekker 1997, cited in George MD 1998, p. 228). Physical activity and exercise can maintain weight loss. Individuals who are more physically active are more likely maintain weight loss (George MD 1998, p. 230). Obese people must start slowly and then gradually increase the intensity of their workout. George MD (1998, p. 38) pointed out that physical activity should be increased to 20 to 30s minutes, 5 to 7 days a week to increase expenditure by 700 to 1,000 calories a week, or slightly more than 100 to 130 calories a day. There are some kinds of physical activity that help obese people fight overweight such as yoga, aerobic, walking and dancing. Besides the following treatments, drug treatment for obesity is also one of the solutions. Ther e are drugs that can reduce food consumption such as phentermine, diethylpropion, mazindol and sibutramine (George MD 1998, p. 254-256). Although drug safety and efficacy beyond 1 year of total treatment have not been conclusively established, weight loss drug therapy may be used in colligation with customary diet and exercise (Anne Collin 2007). However, when it comes to solutions for obesity, there are several tried and tested methods but none works better than a varied healthy lifestyle which consists of daily exercise and a balanced diet. 3. Conclusion Based on the findings above, it is clear that obesity is still a complicated problem. People are becoming more inactive and dependent much on modern equipment which increases the risk of being obese.